1. Flywheel: A flywheel is a heavy rotating wheel connected to the engine's crankshaft. It stores kinetic energy during the power strokes and releases it during the non-power strokes, helping to maintain a smooth rotational motion.
2. Multiple Cylinders: Using multiple cylinders in an engine helps distribute the power impulses more evenly throughout the engine cycle. By having several pistons firing at different times, the peaks and valleys of the power curve are reduced.
3. Crankshaft Counterweights: Counterweights are added to the crankshaft of an engine to balance the reciprocating masses of the pistons and connecting rods. This helps reduce vibrations caused by unbalanced forces in the engine.
4. Engine Mounts: Flexible engine mounts help isolate the engine from the vehicle's frame, reducing the transmission of vibrations to the rest of the vehicle.
5. Viscous Dampers: Viscous dampers, also known as harmonic balancers, are attached to the engine's crankshaft and use a viscous fluid to absorb and dissipate torsional vibrations.
6. Dual-Mass Flywheel: Some modern engines utilize a dual-mass flywheel, which consists of two flywheels connected by a spring or rubber damper. This design helps further reduce torsional vibrations by acting as a vibration isolator.
7. Variable Valve Timing (VVT): VVT systems can adjust the timing of the valve opening and closing events to optimize engine performance and reduce vibrations.
By combining these methods, it is possible to significantly smooth out the power impulses from an IC engine, resulting in smoother operation and reduced vibrations.
