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What does it mean when oil spews out of the exhaust pipe?

When oil spews out of the exhaust pipe, it usually indicates a critical issue with the engine, namely worn piston rings or valve guides/seals.

Here are some possible reasons for oil coming out of the exhaust pipe:

1. Worn Piston Rings: Piston rings seal the combustion chamber, preventing oil from entering. Worn or damaged piston rings fail to create a proper seal, allowing oil to leak into the combustion chamber and eventually exit through the exhaust pipe.

2. Valve Guide or Seal Issues: Intake and exhaust valves have guides and seals to ensure proper closure. Worn valve guides or faulty stem seals can cause oil to seep past and enter the combustion chamber, resulting in oil discharge through the exhaust.

3. Cylinder Head Gasket Failure: The cylinder head gasket seals the junction between the cylinder head and engine block. A blown head gasket can allow oil and coolant to mix and escape through the exhaust pipe.

4. Turbocharger or Supercharger Problems: Forced induction systems, such as turbochargers or superchargers, can also contribute to oil leaks if seals fail or excessive oil pressure is present.

5. Engine Overfill: Too much oil in the engine can lead to excessive pressure and overflow, causing oil to leak through various openings, including the exhaust system.

6. Improper Engine Maintenance: Neglecting regular oil changes can result in contaminated or degraded oil that fails to lubricate components effectively. This can contribute to premature wear and eventually lead to oil leaks.

7. Engine Wear: Excessive wear in engine components, such as the cylinder walls, can also contribute to oil leakage into the combustion chamber.

It's important to address this issue promptly, as it can lead to further damage and costly repairs if left untreated. If you notice oil coming out of the exhaust pipe, it's recommended to seek the assistance of a professional mechanic for a thorough diagnosis and repair.