What is the purpose of a car valves and what difference between 12 valve 16 engine?

Valves in a car engine control the flow of air and fuel mixture into the combustion chamber and the exhaust gases out of it. They open and close at precise times during the engine's cycle to ensure proper engine operation.

The main difference between a 12-valve engine and a 16-valve engine lies in the number of valves per cylinder. A 12-valve engine has two valves per cylinder (one intake and one exhaust), while a 16-valve engine has four valves per cylinder (two intakes and two exhausts).

Here are some advantages and disadvantages of 12-valve and 16-valve engines:

12-Valve Engines:

- Simpler design and fewer components

- Lower maintenance costs

- Better low-end torque (pulling power at low RPM)

16-Valve Engines:

- Improved airflow and fuel efficiency

- Better breathing capacity at high RPM

- Higher power output and overall performance

- Reduced emissions

In general, 16-valve engines are considered more advanced and efficient than 12-valve engines, but they may be slightly more complex and expensive to maintain. The choice between the two depends on factors such as engine size, desired performance, and fuel economy requirements.