Engine:
* Four-cylinder, L-head engine: This engine was a 2.9L (177 cubic inch) inline four-cylinder, meaning the cylinders were arranged in a straight line. "L-head" refers to the valve placement – the intake and exhaust valves were located in the cylinder head, but operated by pushrods and rocker arms from the camshaft located in the engine block (the "L" shape is formed by the cylinder and camshaft arrangement).
* Gasoline-powered: It used gasoline as fuel, ignited by a spark plug system.
* Carburetion: A carburetor mixed air and fuel before entering the cylinders. The mixture was then compressed and ignited by the spark plugs.
* Cooling: The engine used a thermo-siphon cooling system, relying on the natural convection of water to circulate and dissipate heat. This was less efficient than a pump-driven system but simpler and cheaper.
Transmission:
* Planetary gearbox: This was a unique feature for its time. Instead of a conventional gearbox with gears that mesh, the Model T used a planetary gearset. By engaging different bands or clutches (controlled by pedals), it provided two forward speeds (high and low), and reverse. No clutch pedal was needed in the conventional sense.
* Two speeds (plus reverse): This was sufficient for its time, given the relatively low power of the engine. High gear was for cruising, and low gear was for starting, climbing hills, or pulling heavy loads.
Chassis and Drive Train:
* Solid front axle: The front wheels were connected by a solid axle. This made for a simple and inexpensive front suspension but resulted in a somewhat rough ride.
* Rear-wheel drive: Power was delivered to the rear wheels.
* Open drive shaft: A simple, exposed driveshaft transferred power from the transmission to the rear axle.
* Chain drive (early models): Early Model Ts used chains to transfer power from the rear axle to the wheels. Later models switched to a simpler, more durable shaft drive.
Steering:
* Lever-operated steering: Unlike today's steering wheels, the Model T used a tiller-style steering lever. The driver would push and pull this lever to steer the vehicle.
Brakes:
* Rear-wheel brakes only: The Model T only had brakes on the rear wheels, operated by a foot pedal. These were relatively weak by modern standards, making stopping distances longer.
Ignition:
* Magneto ignition: This was a self-contained generator that produced the high-voltage electricity needed to fire the spark plugs. This eliminated the need for a separate battery for ignition. A battery was used for lighting.
In summary, the Model T's design prioritized simplicity, affordability, and ease of maintenance. Its innovative planetary gearbox and mass production techniques revolutionized the automobile industry. While simple compared to modern vehicles, it represented a significant technological leap for its time.
