The primary pollutants emitted by cars are:
* Carbon dioxide (CO2): This gas is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and global warming. It is released when any fossil fuel is burned.
* Nitrogen oxides (NOx): These compounds include nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). They are generated during high-temperature combustion and can lead to smog, acid rain, and respiratory issues.
* Particulate matter (PM): These are tiny particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. They can be emitted as either direct emissions from vehicles (like brake and tire wear) or can form in the atmosphere through chemical reactions involving other pollutants. PM can cause respiratory problems, heart disease, and other health issues.
* Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): These are hydrocarbons that evaporate easily and contribute to smog formation. They are emitted from vehicle fuel tanks, evaporative systems, and exhaust pipes.
* Carbon monoxide (CO): This gas is colorless and odorless, but it can be toxic to humans even at low levels. It's produced when fuel does not burn completely.
* Hydrocarbons (HC): These are unburned fuel components that escape from the engine and can contribute to smog and ground-level ozone.
The composition and amount of emissions depend on various factors, including the type of vehicle, fuel used, vehicle technology, driving conditions, and emission control systems in place. To mitigate the impact of car emissions, regulations have been implemented around the world to control and reduce emissions from vehicles, leading to advancements in engine technology and stricter emission standards.
