1. The Simplest Checks First:
* Fuses: Check the fuse box (usually under the hood or under the dash) for blown fuses related to the wipers. Your owner's manual will show you which fuse(s) control the wipers. Replace any blown fuses with the correct amperage.
* Switch: Try the wiper switch in all positions (off, intermittent, low, high). If it's malfunctioning, the switch itself might need replacing. This is relatively inexpensive and easy to replace, but you might want to test the next steps before replacing the switch.
* Wiper Fluid Reservoir: Ensure you have sufficient washer fluid. Sometimes, low fluid can trigger a safety mechanism that prevents the wipers from working.
2. More Involved Troubleshooting:
* Wiring:
* Visual Inspection: Carefully inspect the wiring harness leading to the wiper motor and switch. Look for any visible damage, such as broken wires, frayed insulation, or corrosion. Pay close attention to the connections.
* Continuity Test (Requires Multimeter): With the ignition on, use a multimeter to check for continuity in the wiring. You'll need your owner's manual or a wiring diagram to identify the correct wires. This step requires some electrical knowledge. If you're uncomfortable with this, it's best to seek professional help. Check for continuity from the switch to the motor, and also check the power supply to the switch.
* Wiper Motor:
* Access the Motor: Access the wiper motor (usually under the hood, near the base of the windshield). This might involve removing some plastic shrouds or other components.
* Visual Inspection: Check for any obvious damage to the motor or its linkage. Look for rust, seized components, or broken parts.
* Testing the Motor (Requires Multimeter): With the ignition on, you can use a multimeter to check if the motor is receiving power. If it is receiving power but not turning, the motor itself is likely faulty and needs replacement. If it isn't receiving power, the problem lies in the wiring or switch.
* Wiper Linkage: Inspect the linkage connecting the motor to the wiper arms. Look for any broken or bent parts that could prevent the wipers from moving. Sometimes, a simple adjustment or lubrication might fix this.
* Ground Connection: A poor ground connection can prevent the wipers from working. Check for a clean and secure ground connection at the wiper motor and the switch. Corrosion is a common culprit.
3. Replacement Parts:
If your troubleshooting leads you to a faulty component, you'll need replacement parts. You can find these at auto parts stores, online retailers, or possibly salvage yards. Make sure to get the correct parts for your specific year and model of S-10.
Important Considerations:
* Safety: Always disconnect the negative battery cable before working on any electrical components.
* Wiring Diagram: A wiring diagram specific to your 1987 Chevy S-10 will be invaluable for tracing wires and checking continuity. You can find these online (often on forums dedicated to classic Chevy trucks) or through a repair manual.
* Professional Help: If you're not comfortable working with electrical systems or automotive repair, it's best to take your S-10 to a qualified mechanic.
By systematically checking these areas, you should be able to pinpoint the cause of your malfunctioning wipers and get them working again. Remember safety first!
