You will need:
* Brake fluid: Use DOT 3 brake fluid (check your owner's manual to confirm). Never use DOT 5 silicone brake fluid as it's incompatible with most brake systems.
* Bleeding wrench: This is a wrench that fits the bleeder valve on your brake calipers. Usually a 8mm or 10mm, but check your car.
* Clear tubing: A length of clear tubing (about 1/4 inch diameter) to fit over the bleeder valve and into a container.
* Container: A jar or bottle to catch the old brake fluid.
* Wrench or socket (if needed): You might need a wrench to keep the brake caliper bracket steady while you turn the bleeder valve.
* Assistant: This procedure is much easier with a helper.
Procedure:
1. Gather your supplies and locate the bleeder valves. These are located on the calipers at each wheel. Usually they are on the top of the caliper, and are typically a small valve with a small hex head.
2. Prepare the vehicle. Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake firmly.
3. Open the brake fluid reservoir cap. This allows air to enter the reservoir as you bleed the brakes, preventing a vacuum from forming and making the job much harder.
4. Start with the furthest wheel from the master cylinder. The typical order is: Right Rear, Left Rear, Right Front, Left Front. This is to help push air out of the lines more efficiently. This may vary based on the design of the brake lines of your vehicle. If there's a diagonal brake system, the bleeding sequence is important and should be checked.
5. Attach the tubing. Place one end of the clear tubing onto the bleeder valve. Submerge the other end of the tubing in the container of brake fluid.
6. Have your assistant pump the brake pedal several times. They should firmly pump the brake pedal several times and then hold it down.
7. Open the bleeder valve. While your assistant holds the brake pedal down, carefully open the bleeder valve with your wrench. You should see old brake fluid come out of the tube. A few bubbles are normal.
8. Close the bleeder valve. Once the fluid runs clear (or almost clear) and you no longer see bubbles, close the bleeder valve.
9. Repeat steps 6-8. Repeat this process several times for each wheel until no more air bubbles are visible in the fluid.
10. Top off the brake fluid reservoir as needed. Keep an eye on the brake fluid level in the reservoir and top it off with fresh DOT 3 brake fluid as necessary. Never let the fluid level get too low.
11. Repeat for all wheels. Follow the correct order (usually RR, LR, RF, LF) and repeat the bleeding process for each wheel until the fluid runs clear at each valve.
12. Test the brakes. After bleeding all wheels, test your brakes carefully in a safe, open area. The brakes should feel firm and responsive. If they still feel spongy or you have any concerns, have them inspected by a professional.
Important Considerations:
* Wear safety glasses. Brake fluid is corrosive.
* Use the correct type of brake fluid. Using the wrong fluid can damage your brake system.
* Keep the brake fluid reservoir topped off. Never let it get low during bleeding.
* If you're unsure about any step, consult a qualified mechanic. Bleeding brakes improperly can be dangerous.
This is a general guide. Refer to your owner's manual or a repair manual specific to your 1998 Saturn SW1 for the most accurate and detailed instructions. If you are uncomfortable doing this, seek professional assistance.
