Here's a general procedure. Specifics may vary slightly, so always refer to your vehicle's repair manual for precise instructions and diagrams.
Tools You'll Likely Need:
* Socket wrench: Likely a 10mm or 12mm, but check your owner's manual or visually inspect the nut holding the wiper arm in place.
* Flat-head screwdriver (possibly): Some wiper arms have a small retaining clip that needs to be manipulated with a flathead screwdriver.
* Penetrating oil (optional): If the nut is rusted or stuck, penetrating oil can help loosen it.
* New wiper arm: Make sure you purchase the correct replacement for your 2001 Ford Escape XLT.
Procedure:
1. Prepare the vehicle: Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and turn off the ignition.
2. Disconnect the battery: Disconnect the negative (-) battery terminal to prevent accidental shorts.
3. Locate the wiper arm nut: The wiper arm is attached to the wiper motor shaft with a nut. Locate this nut.
4. Loosen the nut: Use the appropriate socket wrench to carefully loosen the nut. If it's stubborn, apply penetrating oil and let it sit for a few minutes before trying again. Be cautious not to damage the wiper arm or the wiper motor shaft.
5. Remove the wiper arm: Once the nut is loose, gently pull the wiper arm away from the shaft. There might be a small retaining clip under the nut that needs to be depressed or carefully moved out of the way using a flat-head screwdriver. The arm may require some gentle persuasion to break free.
6. Install the new wiper arm: Align the new wiper arm with the wiper motor shaft and push it onto the shaft. Tighten the nut securely. Do not overtighten.
7. Reconnect the battery: Reconnect the negative battery terminal.
8. Test the wiper: Turn on the rear wiper to ensure it functions correctly.
Important Considerations:
* Rust and corrosion: On older vehicles like a 2001 Ford Escape, rust and corrosion can make removing the nut very difficult. Penetrating oil is your friend here. Be patient and use gentle but firm pressure.
* Wiper arm type: Some wiper arms might have different release mechanisms. Consult a repair manual or online resources specific to your vehicle's year and model for precise instructions if you encounter difficulty.
* Breaking the arm: If the wiper arm is severely rusted or seized, you risk breaking it during removal. If this happens, you'll need to replace the entire wiper arm assembly.
If you're uncomfortable performing this repair yourself, it's always best to consult a qualified mechanic. This procedure involves working with relatively small and delicate parts, and improper handling could lead to damage.
