Tools You'll Need:
* New serpentine belt: Get the correct size and type from a parts store (provide your vehicle's VIN for accuracy).
* Socket wrench set: Various sizes, including a ratchet.
* Wrench set: Metric and possibly SAE, depending on your car.
* Pliers (optional): For reaching stubborn belt tensioners.
* Jack and jack stands: Essential for safety. Never work under a car supported only by a jack.
* Wheel chocks: To secure the vehicle.
* Gloves: To protect your hands.
* Shop rags or paper towels: For cleaning.
* A helper (recommended): Especially for tensioner release.
Steps:
1. Safety First: Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and chock the wheels. Jack up the front of the car and securely support it with jack stands. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Locate the Serpentine Belt: Identify the serpentine belt that runs around the crankshaft pulley, alternator, power steering pump, water pump, and other accessories.
3. Identify the Belt Tensioner: The tensioner is usually a pulley with a spring or hydraulic mechanism that allows you to release tension on the belt. It might be on the side, top, or bottom of the engine. Your repair manual will show the exact location.
4. Release Belt Tension: This is the trickiest part. The method varies depending on the tensioner design:
* Manual Tensioner: This often requires a wrench or socket to turn a bolt or lever on the tensioner to release the tension. You may need to use leverage or a breaker bar for stubborn tensioners. Have a helper ready to guide the belt off the pulleys.
* Hydraulic Tensioner: Often released by pressing down on a specific part of the tensioner with a tool or by using a specialized tool to compress the hydraulic cylinder. The repair manual will clarify this. Again, a helper is almost essential here.
5. Remove the Old Belt: Once the tension is released, carefully guide the old belt off the pulleys. Work your way around, one pulley at a time, taking care not to damage any other components.
6. Install the New Belt: Reverse the process. Starting with the tightest pulley (usually the crankshaft), carefully route the new belt over each pulley. Make sure it sits correctly in all the grooves.
7. Re-engage the Belt Tensioner: Carefully release the tensioner, letting it pull the belt onto all the pulleys. Make sure the belt is properly seated on all the pulleys.
8. Check Belt Alignment and Tension: Verify that the belt is properly seated on all pulleys and that the tension is correct. It should not be too loose or too tight. A slightly flexible bend should be possible.
9. Lower the Car: Carefully lower the car to the ground using the jack.
10. Reconnect the Battery: Reconnect the negative battery cable.
11. Start the Engine: Start the engine and listen for any unusual noises (squeaking, squealing). Check all the pulleys visually for proper rotation and belt tracking.
12. Final Check: After a short run, check the belt again for proper tension and alignment.
Important Notes:
* Repair Manual: This is crucial. It will show diagrams, torque specifications, and the exact procedure for your specific 1994 Buick LeSabre model.
* Safety: Never work under a car supported only by a jack. Always use jack stands.
* Belt Routing: The order of pulleys matters. Misrouting can cause damage. Your repair manual will show the correct routing.
* Tension: Incorrect tension can lead to premature belt wear or failure.
If you're uncomfortable performing this repair yourself, it's best to take your car to a qualified mechanic. Replacing a serpentine belt incorrectly can lead to serious engine damage.
