1. Diagnosis is Crucial: Before even considering repair, you absolutely *must* diagnose the problem. Simply saying "the transmission needs repair" isn't enough. You need to determine *what* is wrong:
* Slipping: Is the car slipping gears, or refusing to shift properly? This could indicate worn clutches, bands, or low transmission fluid.
* Grinding: Grinding noises during shifting point towards worn gears or synchronizers.
* No movement: The transmission might not be engaging at all, suggesting a complete failure of some major component.
* Fluid leaks: Leaking fluid is a common problem and indicates seal or gasket failures. This often requires a fluid change *before* further diagnosis.
* Rough shifting: Could indicate worn linkage, low fluid, or internal wear.
A proper diagnosis often requires a mechanic to inspect the transmission fluid (color, smell, metal shavings), check for leaks, and possibly perform road tests.
2. Repair Options (generally speaking):
* Fluid and Filter Change: This is the simplest and cheapest option, but only addresses minor issues like low fluid or slightly contaminated fluid. It won't fix internal transmission problems.
* Transmission rebuild: This involves disassembling the transmission, inspecting all parts, replacing worn components (e.g., clutches, bands, seals, synchronizers, bearings), and reassembling it. This is very labor-intensive and requires specialized tools and knowledge.
* Transmission replacement: If the damage is extensive or the cost of a rebuild is prohibitive, replacing the transmission with a used or rebuilt unit is an alternative.
3. Steps Involved in a Rebuild (Highly Simplified and Not a Guide):
* Removal: The transmission must be removed from the vehicle. This involves disconnecting various components (driveshafts, linkage, wiring harness, etc.). A transmission jack is essential.
* Disassembly: The transmission case is opened, and all internal components are carefully removed, inspected, and cleaned.
* Inspection and Replacement: Worn or damaged parts are identified and replaced with new or remanufactured parts.
* Reassembly: The transmission is carefully reassembled, ensuring proper alignment and torque specifications.
* Installation: The transmission is reinstalled in the vehicle, and all connections are reattached.
* Fluid fill and testing: New transmission fluid is added, and the transmission is tested for proper operation.
4. Tools and Expertise Required:
* Specialized tools: Transmission jacks, various sockets and wrenches, torque wrenches, transmission fluid pump, seal installer, and other specialized tools are essential.
* Mechanical skill: A deep understanding of automotive mechanics and transmissions is absolutely necessary. Improper reassembly can lead to further damage.
* Technical manuals: Factory service manuals for the 1991 Ford Probe are crucial for proper disassembly, reassembly, and torque specifications.
5. Cost Considerations:
A transmission rebuild or replacement can be very expensive, easily costing thousands of dollars depending on labor rates, parts costs, and the extent of the damage. A fluid and filter change is significantly cheaper, but won't fix serious problems.
In Conclusion: Repairing a transmission in a 1991 Ford Probe is a major mechanical task. Unless you have extensive experience with automotive transmissions and the proper tools, it's strongly recommended to take your vehicle to a qualified transmission specialist or a reputable mechanic. Attempting the repair yourself without the necessary expertise can result in further damage and significant added costs.
