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What charges a battery in motorcycle when the motor is running?

When a motorbike is running, charging of the battery primarily occurs through a component known as the alternator (a combination of a stator and a rotor). Here's a simplified explanation of the process:

1. Engine Rotation: When the motorcycle engine is running, it causes the crankshaft to rotate.

2. Rotor Movement: The crankshaft is connected to the rotor of the alternator. As the crankshaft rotates, it drives the rotor to spin within the alternator housing.

3. Magnetic Field Generation: The spinning rotor creates a rotating magnetic field inside the alternator.

4. Stator Windings: The stator of the alternator is composed of wire coils arranged around the rotor. As the rotor spins, the changing magnetic field induces an electric current in these stator windings.

5. Alternating Current (AC) Output: The current generated in the stator windings is alternating current (AC), meaning it periodically reverses its direction.

6. Rectification: To convert the AC output from the stator windings into direct current (DC) suitable for charging the battery, the AC voltage passes through a rectifier. The rectifier consists of diodes that allow current to flow in only one direction, transforming the AC into DC.

7. Voltage Regulation: The DC voltage from the rectifier is usually higher than the required charging voltage for the battery. To prevent overcharging, a voltage regulator is used. The voltage regulator controls the amount of current that flows from the alternator to the battery, ensuring that the battery receives a consistent and safe charging voltage.

8. Battery Charging: The regulated DC voltage from the voltage regulator is then supplied to the battery. This electrical energy is used to replenish the charge stored in the battery, ensuring a continuous supply of power to the motorcycle's electrical systems, including ignition, lighting, and other accessories.

In summary, when the motorbike engine runs, the alternator converts mechanical energy from the rotating crankshaft into alternating current (AC) using magnetic fields and stator windings. The AC output is rectified to obtain direct current (DC) and regulated to provide a suitable charging voltage for the battery. This allows the battery to be recharged and maintain sufficient charge levels to power various electrical components of the motorbike while it is in operation.

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