The fuel filter, however, is usually located near the engine, on the fuel line between the fuel pump and the fuel injectors. Its exact location can vary slightly depending on the engine (there were a few different engine options for the '86 Century), but it's typically easily accessible under the vehicle. You'll likely find it close to the frame rail.
To be absolutely certain of its location, you should consult a repair manual specific to your 1986 Buick Century's engine. A Haynes or Chilton manual would be a good resource. These manuals will have diagrams showing the exact location and can greatly assist in the repair process.