1. Fuses: This is the easiest check. Consult your owner's manual to locate the fuse(s) for the wipers and check them with a test light or multimeter. Replace any blown fuses. There might be multiple fuses involved, one for the motor and another for the wiper control switch.
2. Wiper Switch: The switch itself could be faulty. Try wiggling the stalk while the wipers are in the "on" position. If the wipers intermittently work, the switch is a likely suspect. This is usually a relatively inexpensive part to replace.
3. Wiper Motor: The motor itself could be burned out, seized, or have internal wiring problems. Listen carefully – you might hear a clicking sound when you turn the switch on, indicating a problem with the motor's power supply or internal components. Testing the motor directly with power (after disconnecting the battery negative terminal!) will require a multimeter and some electrical knowledge. This is usually more expensive to fix than the fuse or switch.
4. Wiper Linkage: The mechanical linkage connecting the motor to the wiper arms can become rusted, broken, or disconnected. Inspect the linkage for any visible damage or binding. Sometimes a simple lubrication can solve the problem.
5. Relay: While less common, a faulty relay could be interrupting the power to the motor. The relay is an electrical switch that controls the motor. You'll need to locate the correct relay in the fuse box (consult your owner's manual) and test it or swap it with a known good relay of the same type.
6. Wiring: Damaged or corroded wiring in the system can prevent the wipers from functioning. Check the wiring harness leading to the motor, switch, and relay for any breaks, shorts, or corrosion. This usually requires some electrical diagnostic skills.
7. Park Position: The wiper arms might be stuck in the "park" position. Try manually moving the arms to ensure they're not mechanically obstructed.
8. Low Washer Fluid: While not directly related to wiping, a low washer fluid level *can* sometimes trigger a sensor to disable the wipers on some vehicles (though less common on older models).
Before you start:
* Disconnect the battery's negative terminal before performing any electrical tests or working on the wiper motor to prevent accidental shorts.
* Consult your owner's manual: It provides diagrams and information specific to your 1998 Dodge Caravan.
If you're not comfortable working with car electrical systems, it's best to take your Caravan to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair. Troubleshooting electrical problems can be challenging and potentially dangerous if done incorrectly.
