1. Determine Subwoofer Type:
* Powered (Active) Subwoofer: These have a built-in amplifier. This simplifies installation as you only need to connect power, ground, and the RCA input (for the audio signal).
* Passive Subwoofer: These require an external amplifier to power them. This is more complex and requires an amplifier purchase and wiring.
2. Gather Necessary Components (varies depending on subwoofer type):
* Subwoofer(s): Choose the subwoofer(s) appropriate for your space and desired sound quality.
* Amplifier (if using a passive subwoofer): Select an amplifier with enough power handling to match your subwoofer's requirements. Check the subwoofer's specifications for wattage and impedance.
* Wiring Kit: This usually includes power wire, ground wire, RCA cables (for audio signal), speaker wire (if using an amplifier), fuse, fuse holder, and possibly a line output converter (LOC).
* Tools: Screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead), wire strippers/cutters, crimp connectors, multimeter (recommended for testing), possibly a drill (for mounting).
3. Installation Process:
A. Powered Subwoofer:
1. Find Power Source: Locate a suitable power source in your trunk or under the dash (usually a fused 12V+ source). Check your car's manual or online forums for suggested locations. This is often a constant 12V+ line.
2. Ground Connection: Find a clean, unpainted metal surface for a secure ground connection. This is critical for proper operation and to avoid ground loops. Sand the area to ensure good electrical contact.
3. RCA Cable Connection: Connect the RCA cables from your head unit's subwoofer output (if available) to the input of the powered subwoofer. If your head unit lacks a subwoofer output, you will need a Line Output Converter (LOC) to extract the bass frequencies from the main speaker outputs.
4. Wiring: Run the power wire, ground wire, and RCA cables from your chosen power and ground locations to the subwoofer. Secure the wires with zip ties or other suitable fasteners. Ensure the power wire is protected from rubbing against moving parts. Use a fuse close to the battery.
5. Mounting: Securely mount the subwoofer in your trunk.
B. Passive Subwoofer with External Amplifier:
1. Power and Ground: Follow steps 1 and 2 from the powered subwoofer instructions. This time, these connections will go to your amplifier.
2. RCA Cable Connection: Connect the RCA cables from your head unit's subwoofer output (or LOC) to the amplifier's input.
3. Speaker Wire Connection: Connect the speaker wire from the amplifier's output to the subwoofer's terminals, matching the impedance of the amplifier to the subwoofer.
4. Remote Turn-On Wire: Connect the amplifier's remote turn-on wire to your head unit's remote wire (usually blue). This wire tells the amplifier when to turn on and off with your head unit.
5. Mounting Amplifier and Subwoofer: Securely mount both the amplifier (often under the seat or in the trunk) and subwoofer.
4. Important Considerations:
* Grounding: A poor ground connection is a major source of problems. Make sure your ground is clean and secure.
* Amplifier Size: Don't overpower your subwoofer. Use an amplifier within the subwoofer's specifications.
* Wiring Gauge: Use the correct gauge of wire for your amplifier's power requirements. Too thin a wire can overheat.
* Fuse Protection: Always use a fuse in your power line close to the battery. This will protect your vehicle's electrical system.
* Safety: Disconnect the car battery's negative terminal before starting any wiring work.
5. Seeking Professional Help:
If you're not comfortable with car audio installation, it's best to take your car to a professional installer. Improper wiring can damage your car's electrical system or even cause a fire. They can also help you choose the right components for your specific car and preferences.
This detailed guide provides a general outline. Refer to your specific subwoofer and amplifier manuals for detailed instructions. Always prioritize safety during the installation process.
