* Calculate the correct amount of fuel to inject: Colder air is denser, allowing for more fuel to be added for optimal combustion. Warmer air is less dense, requiring less fuel. The ACT sensor ensures the correct air/fuel ratio is maintained across varying temperatures.
* Adjust ignition timing: Similar to fuel injection, the ideal ignition timing is dependent on the air temperature. The PCM uses the ACT sensor data to optimize ignition timing for best performance and emissions.
* Monitor engine operation: The PCM uses the ACT sensor data to monitor overall engine health and identify potential problems. Erratic or inaccurate readings can indicate issues with the sensor itself, the intake system, or other engine components.
Essentially, the ACT sensor helps the engine run efficiently and cleanly by providing critical data about the incoming air to the PCM for precise fuel and ignition control. A malfunctioning sensor can lead to poor fuel economy, rough running, misfires, and potentially damage to the catalytic converter.
