* Low Power Steering Fluid: This is the most common and easiest to check. Low fluid reduces the pump's effectiveness, and the increased load during low-speed maneuvers like backing up will exacerbate the problem. Check the fluid level and condition (color, clarity). Brown, burnt fluid needs replacing.
* Worn Power Steering Pump: The pump may be failing, especially its internal components. It might be struggling to provide sufficient pressure at low speeds, leading to stiff steering only when backing up. This is a more serious issue requiring replacement.
* Failing Power Steering Pressure Switch/Sensor: This switch monitors pressure within the system. A faulty switch might not be sending the correct signals to the pump, affecting its operation particularly under high load (like when backing up).
* Power Steering Rack and Pinion Issues: While less likely to manifest *only* when backing up, a problem in the rack and pinion (the mechanism that converts steering wheel motion to wheel movement) can cause increased resistance. Worn seals or internal damage could cause this, especially under stress.
* Leaks: A leak in the power steering system will reduce fluid levels and lead to similar symptoms. Carefully inspect all hoses and connections for any signs of leaks.
* Clogged Filter or Lines: Though less common, a clogged filter or restricted lines can restrict fluid flow, causing issues under higher demand (backing up).
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the power steering fluid level: This is the absolute first step. Add fluid if needed, but only the correct type (consult your owner's manual).
2. Inspect for leaks: Look carefully for fluid leaks around the pump, hoses, and rack and pinion.
3. Listen for unusual noises: While the engine is running, listen near the power steering pump for whining, groaning, or squealing sounds, which often indicate problems.
4. Check the power steering pressure switch: This requires a bit more technical knowledge and testing tools.
5. Professional Inspection: If the problem persists after checking fluid levels and inspecting for leaks, it's best to take your Taurus to a qualified mechanic for a proper diagnosis. They can perform pressure tests and further inspections to pinpoint the exact cause.
Backing up often involves a tighter turning radius and slower speeds, placing a higher load on the power steering system than driving forward. That's why these symptoms are more pronounced in reverse.
