1. Branch Circuits: These are the most common circuits in a house. Each branch circuit supplies power to a specific area or group of outlets, such as a room, a hallway, or a kitchen counter. Branch circuits typically consist of a single cable that runs from the electrical panel to a junction box, where it is divided into multiple outlets.
2. Lighting Circuits: Lighting circuits are specifically designed to power lighting fixtures throughout the house. They are similar to branch circuits but are dedicated to light switches and fixtures. Lighting circuits often have dimmer switches to control the brightness of the lights.
3. Appliance Circuits: Appliance circuits are designed to handle the higher electrical loads required by major household appliances, such as refrigerators, dishwashers, clothes washers and dryers, and electric stoves or ovens. These circuits typically have a higher amperage rating compared to branch circuits and are protected by individual circuit breakers.
4. GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) Circuits: GFCI circuits are essential for safety and are used in areas where there is a risk of electrical shock, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor outlets. GFCI outlets are designed to detect any imbalances or faults in the electrical current and quickly shut off the power to prevent electrical shocks.
5. AFCI (Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter) Circuits: AFCI circuits are used to protect against electrical arcing, which can cause electrical fires. They are particularly important in areas where there is a higher risk of arcing, such as bedrooms and other areas with electronic devices.
6. Dedicated Circuits: Dedicated circuits are individual circuits that supply power to specific appliances or systems that require a constant and uninterrupted power supply. This includes devices such as air conditioners, sump pumps, garage door openers, and high-end audio equipment.
These are some of the common circuits found in houses, each designed to serve a specific purpose and ensure the safe and efficient distribution of electricity throughout the home. Proper installation and maintenance of these circuits are essential for the safety and functionality of the electrical system in a house.
