1. Electrolyte Breakdown:
Over voltage can lead to excessive electrolysis of the electrolyte solution within the battery. This can cause a breakdown of the water molecules in the electrolyte, resulting in the release of hydrogen and oxygen gases. As the electrolyte level decreases due to this process, the battery's performance and longevity are compromised.
2. Grid Corrosion:
The positive plates (or grids) of a car battery are made of lead and lead oxide. When overcharging occurs, excessive voltage can accelerate the corrosion of these grids. This corrosion can weaken the structure of the plates and lead to premature battery failure.
3. Active Material Shedding:
Over voltage can also cause the shedding of active materials from the battery plates. These active materials are vital for generating electricity during the chemical reactions within the battery. Their loss diminishes the battery's ability to store and deliver power.
4. Boiling and Venting:
Excessive overcharging can lead to a phenomenon called "boiling," where the electrolyte solution starts boiling due to high internal temperatures. This boiling causes the battery to vent excessive gas, potentially leading to a loss of water and damage to the battery's internal structure.
5. Permanent Capacity Reduction:
Over time, repeated occurrences of overcharging can result in a permanent loss of the battery's overall capacity. The damage caused by over voltage is cumulative and can drastically shorten the battery's lifespan.
It's important to properly maintain and monitor your car's electrical system, including the battery and voltage regulator, to prevent overcharging and ensure the battery's long-lasting performance. Regular maintenance and professional servicing can help identify potential overcharging issues and prevent your car battery from damage or failure due to over voltage.
