Tools You'll Need:
* Timing light: Essential for accurately reading the timing.
* Socket wrench and sockets: To access the distributor.
* Distributor wrench: Specifically designed to turn the distributor without damaging it.
* Spark plug wrench: To remove and reinstall spark plugs (optional, but helpful for smoother operation during timing adjustment).
* Owner's manual or a shop manual: This will provide the correct timing specifications for your specific engine and carburetor setup (idle, advance, etc.).
* Safety glasses: Protect your eyes.
* Mechanic's gloves: Protect your hands.
Procedure:
1. Safety First: Disconnect the negative (-) battery cable before starting any work on the ignition system.
2. Locate the Timing Marks: The timing marks are typically on the harmonic balancer (damper) on the crankshaft. You'll need to find Top Dead Center (TDC) on the #1 cylinder. This is usually indicated by a mark on the balancer aligning with a mark on the timing cover. Your service manual will detail how to precisely find TDC for #1.
3. Remove the Distributor Cap: This allows you to easily rotate the distributor.
4. Set the Engine to TDC on #1: Carefully rotate the engine (by hand using a wrench on the crankshaft bolt if necessary) until the timing marks align, ensuring #1 piston is on the compression stroke (both valves closed). Double-check this using a feeler gauge in the spark plug hole of #1 cylinder.
5. Connect the Timing Light: Clamp the timing light to a spark plug wire (usually the #1 cylinder wire), connect the light to the battery, and point the light at the timing marks on the balancer.
6. Start the Engine: Have a helper crank the engine while you observe the timing marks through the timing light. The illuminated mark on the balancer will show the actual engine timing.
7. Compare to Specifications: Compare the illuminated timing mark on the balancer to the specified timing in your service manual. This specification will typically be given in degrees Before Top Dead Center (BTDC) at idle. For example, it might be 8° BTDC at idle.
8. Adjust the Timing (if needed): If the timing is off, carefully loosen the distributor hold-down clamp. Then, use the distributor wrench to rotate the distributor slightly. This will advance or retard the timing. Each degree of movement on the distributor usually corresponds to a similar degree change on the timing marks. Keep checking the timing with the light.
9. Reconnect the Distributor Cap: Once the timing is set correctly, tighten the distributor hold-down clamp and reattach the distributor cap.
10. Reconnect the Battery Cable: Carefully reconnect the negative (-) battery cable.
Important Considerations:
* Vacuum Advance: Many 440s have vacuum advance on the distributor. Make sure this is connected and functioning correctly. The timing should be set with the vacuum line disconnected and plugged to prevent interference. Then, reconnect the vacuum line to check full advance.
* Centrifugal Advance: The distributor also has mechanical (centrifugal) advance weights. This advance occurs as engine speed increases. You will want to check full advance as RPM increases.
* Initial Timing vs. Total Timing: Your manual will give both initial (idle) timing and total timing. Total timing is measured at higher RPMs and accounts for the mechanical advance. You'll likely only adjust the initial timing and then verify the total.
* Engine Temperature: The engine should be warmed up to operating temperature before setting the timing, as temperature affects timing.
* Professional Help: If you are not comfortable performing this procedure, it's best to take your car to a qualified mechanic. Incorrect timing can damage your engine.
Remember, this is a general guide. Consult your service manual for the precise specifications and procedures for your specific 1971 Chrysler 440 engine. Improperly setting the timing can lead to poor performance, reduced fuel economy, and engine damage.
