* Engine size and design: A very large 4-cylinder could be less efficient than a small, efficient 6-cylinder.
* Vehicle weight: A heavier vehicle will always have lower fuel economy regardless of the engine type.
* Transmission type: Automatic transmissions typically have slightly lower fuel economy than manual transmissions.
* Aerodynamics: A more aerodynamic vehicle will have better fuel economy.
* Driving habits: Aggressive driving significantly reduces fuel economy.
* Technology: Modern fuel-saving technologies can impact mileage significantly in either type of engine.
So while a 4-cylinder is *typically* more fuel-efficient, it's not a guaranteed outcome. You should always check the EPA fuel economy estimates for specific vehicle models to get the most accurate comparison.