Transmission Related Issues:
* Low Transmission Fluid: This is the first and easiest thing to check. Low fluid level can cause all sorts of shifting problems, including inability to shift out of first. Check the fluid level while the engine is running and warmed up. Also inspect the fluid for color and smell; burnt smelling fluid indicates serious internal problems.
* Faulty Transmission Linkage: The linkage connects the shifter to the transmission. A broken, bent, or improperly adjusted linkage can prevent proper shifting. Inspect the linkage for any visible damage or looseness.
* Shift Solenoid Problems: Automatic transmissions use solenoids to control shifting. A malfunctioning solenoid, especially the 1-2 shift solenoid, will prevent the transmission from shifting into second gear. These are relatively inexpensive to replace, but require some mechanical knowledge.
* Valve Body Issues: The valve body contains the hydraulic passages and valves that control the transmission's operation. Worn or damaged valves, or internal blockages, can cause a wide range of shifting issues, including this one. This is usually a more involved repair.
* Low/Blocked Filter: A clogged transmission filter restricts fluid flow, causing shifting problems.
* Internal Transmission Damage: This is the worst-case scenario. Worn clutches, bands, or other internal components can cause the transmission to fail to shift. This often requires a rebuild or replacement of the transmission.
* Torque Converter Issues: While less common as the initial cause of *only* not shifting out of first, a failing torque converter could contribute. However, usually you'd see other symptoms as well (like slipping).
Other Potential Causes (Less Likely):
* Electrical Problems: While less common as the primary cause for this specific issue, a short circuit or faulty wiring to the transmission control system could interfere with shifting.
* Vacuum Leaks (If Vacuum-Controlled): Some older automatics use vacuum for certain functions. A leak could affect shifting, but less likely in a predominantly hydraulic system.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the transmission fluid: This is the absolute first step. Low or burnt fluid is a strong indicator of a problem.
2. Inspect the linkage: Look for any obvious damage or misalignment.
3. Check for error codes (if equipped): Some 1984 Camaros might have a diagnostic system; check your owner's manual.
4. Consult a mechanic: If you're not comfortable working on your transmission, take it to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair.
Don't attempt to drive the car extensively while it's stuck in first gear, as this can cause further damage to the transmission. Getting it towed to a mechanic is the safest option. The problem could be relatively minor (low fluid), or require a major transmission overhaul. A professional diagnosis is essential to pinpoint the exact cause.
