* Low Power Steering Fluid: This is the most common cause. Low fluid leads to increased friction and heat within the pump, causing premature wear and damage. Leaks in the system are the primary reason for low fluid.
* Fluid Contamination: Dirt, debris, or water in the power steering fluid can act as an abrasive, damaging pump components and causing internal wear.
* Wear and Tear: Like any mechanical component, power steering pumps wear out over time. Constant use and exposure to high pressures eventually degrade seals, bearings, and other internal parts.
* Belt Issues: A worn, loose, or slipping serpentine belt (which often drives the power steering pump) can cause the pump to overheat and fail because it isn't receiving adequate power.
* Leaks: Internal leaks within the pump itself can lead to reduced pressure and eventually failure.
* Overheating: Excessive heat, often caused by low fluid, a slipping belt, or strenuous use (like constantly maneuvering in tight spaces), can degrade seals and internal components.
* Manufacturing Defects: Although less common, some pumps may have manufacturing defects that lead to premature failure.
* High Pressure: Constantly operating under extremely high pressure can strain the pump beyond its design limits. This can be caused by issues elsewhere in the power steering system.
In short, power steering pump failure is usually a result of a gradual decline in performance caused by a combination of factors rather than a sudden catastrophic event. Regular maintenance, including checking fluid levels and condition, and ensuring the serpentine belt is in good working order, can significantly extend the life of a power steering pump.
