* Steering Linkage: Follow the steering linkage (rods and arms) from the steering box. The linkage will connect directly to the knuckles (the pivoting parts at the ends of the axle) of the front axle. This is the most definitive method.
* Differential Location: The front axle will have a differential housing located roughly in the center between the wheels. The rear axle will also have a differential, but it will be further back under the vehicle.
* Wheel Hubs and Brakes: The front axle will have wheel hubs and brake components that are connected to the steering knuckles.
* Drive Shafts: Look for the drive shaft(s) that connect to the front axle. These are typically visible at the ends of the axle tubes. The rear drive shaft will be longer and possibly more easily identifiable as it connects to the rear differential.
In short, if you trace the steering linkage, you'll find the front axle. The presence of a differential and drive shafts further helps to confirm. If it's still unclear, looking at a parts diagram for your specific 1977 Dodge 4x4 model (Power Wagon, etc. - model is critical for accuracy) will be helpful.
