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What is making the engine knocking when driving?

1. Low oil pressure: The most common cause of engine knocking is low oil pressure. When the oil pressure is low, the engine's moving parts are not properly lubricated, which can cause them to knock against each other.

Check the oil level and add oil if necessary. If the oil level is full, then the oil pump may be faulty and will need to be replaced.

2. Worn engine bearings: Worn engine bearings can also cause knocking. Engine bearings are responsible for supporting the crankshaft and connecting rods, and when they are worn, they can allow the crankshaft and connecting rods to move too much, which can cause knocking.

Replacing worn engine bearings requires a complete engine rebuild.

3. Damaged piston rings: Damaged piston rings can also cause knocking. Piston rings help to seal the combustion chamber, and when they are damaged, they can allow combustion gases to escape into the crankcase, which can cause knocking.

Replacing damaged piston rings requires a partial engine rebuild.

4. Carbon deposits: Carbon deposits on the pistons, valves, or combustion chamber can also cause knocking. Carbon deposits can build up over time and can cause the engine to run hotter than normal, which can lead to knocking.

Cleaning the carbon deposits can help to reduce or eliminate knocking.

5. Pre-ignition: Pre-ignition is another cause of engine knocking. Pre-ignition is when the fuel ignites before the spark plug fires. This can cause the engine to run rough and can lead to knocking.

6. Spark Knock: Excessive carbon build-up, improper ignition timing, poor gas quality or a lean air-fuel mixture can all contribute to spark knock. These conditions can cause premature ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders, resulting in a knocking or pinging sound.