1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): This is the primary greenhouse gas emitted by vehicles. When petrol or diesel is burned, carbon atoms in the fuel combine with oxygen from the air to form CO2.
2. Water Vapor (H2O): During the combustion process, hydrogen atoms in the fuel react with oxygen to produce water vapor.
3. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): These are pollutants formed when nitrogen and oxygen in the air react at high temperatures during combustion. NOx can contribute to smog and respiratory problems.
4. Particulate Matter (PM): This refers to a variety of pollutants, including soot, smoke, and dust particles. PM can cause respiratory problems and contribute to air pollution.
5. Carbon Monoxide (CO): CO is a poisonous gas produced by incomplete combustion. It can cause headaches, nausea, and even death at higher concentrations.
6. Unburned Hydrocarbons (HC): These are partially combusted fuel molecules that escape into the atmosphere. They can react with other pollutants to form ozone, a component of smog.
7. Sulfur Oxides (SOx): These pollutants are formed when sulfur present in the fuel reacts with oxygen during combustion. SOx can contribute to acid rain and respiratory problems.
It's important to note that the specific composition of emissions can vary depending on factors such as the type of fuel, engine design, and emission control systems in place.
