Airspeed is a critical factor in aircraft flight, as it affects:
- Lift: The speed of the airflow over the aircraft's wings generates lift, which keeps the aircraft in the air.
- Drag: The speed of the airflow also creates drag, which resists the aircraft's motion through the air.
- Engine performance: The efficiency of an aircraft's engines is affected by the airspeed.
- Handling characteristics: The aircraft's handling characteristics, such as its stability and maneuverability, are also influenced by the airspeed.
Airspeed is typically measured in knots (kts), which are equivalent to nautical miles per hour (NM/h). The conversion between knots and miles per hour (MPH) is as follows:
Airspeed (knots) = Airspeed (MPH) x 1.151
Airspeed (MPH) = Airspeed (knots) / 1.151
For example, an airspeed of 100 knots is equivalent to approximately 115 miles per hour.
Airspeed can be measured using various instruments, including:
- Airspeed indicator: An instrument that measures the difference between the static pressure and the dynamic pressure (i.e., the pressure caused by the airflow) on the aircraft.
- GPS: A Global Positioning System receiver that can provide accurate airspeed information.
- Pitot-static system: A system that uses a pitot tube (to measure dynamic pressure) and a static port (to measure static pressure) to calculate airspeed.
Airspeed is divided into several key ranges:
- Stall speed: The lowest airspeed at which the aircraft can maintain level flight.
- Cruising speed: The most efficient airspeed for long-distance flights.
- Maximum operating speed: The highest airspeed at which the aircraft can safely operate.
- Never-exceed speed: The maximum airspeed that the aircraft should never exceed to prevent structural damage.
Airspeed is a critical parameter for pilots to monitor and control during flight, as it has a significant impact on the aircraft's performance and safety.
