* Low Transmission Fluid: This is the first and easiest thing to check. Low fluid level can cause all sorts of shifting problems. Check the fluid level while the engine is running and warmed up (following the procedure in your owner's manual). Low fluid could indicate a leak, which needs addressing. Also check the *condition* of the fluid; it should be reddish-pink and clean, not brown or burnt smelling.
* Faulty Transmission Solenoid(s): Automatic transmissions use solenoids to control the shifting. A malfunctioning solenoid, particularly the one controlling 2nd gear, will prevent the shift. These are relatively inexpensive parts to replace, but require some mechanical aptitude or professional help.
* Worn or Damaged Shift Linkage/Cables (if applicable): While less common in electronically controlled transmissions of that era, there might be a mechanical linkage issue preventing the proper engagement of 2nd gear.
* Problems with the Valve Body: The valve body is the "brain" of the transmission, controlling fluid flow to the clutches and bands. Internal wear, blockage, or damage can prevent proper gear selection. This is a more serious issue requiring professional attention.
* Clutch Pack or Band Problems (2nd gear specific): Wear and tear on the clutch pack or band responsible for engaging 2nd gear will prevent it from working. This is a major transmission repair.
* Torque Converter Issues: While less likely to cause *only* a 2nd gear problem, a failing torque converter could contribute to shifting issues.
* Computer/Sensor Problems: The transmission control module (TCM) and associated sensors (e.g., speed sensor) can influence shifting behavior. A faulty sensor providing incorrect information could lead to improper shifting. A diagnostic scan tool is needed to check for any trouble codes.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the transmission fluid level and condition. This is the most important first step.
2. Listen for any unusual noises coming from the transmission. Grinding, whining, or banging sounds indicate internal problems.
3. Have the vehicle scanned for diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). This will give you valuable clues about the problem. An OBD-II scanner can retrieve these codes.
4. If you're mechanically inclined, you might inspect the transmission linkage (if it has one). Look for any signs of damage, looseness, or binding.
Important Note: If you're not comfortable working on your transmission, take your Grand Am to a qualified mechanic. Transmission repairs can be expensive, and improper repair can cause further damage. Diagnosing the exact problem requires professional tools and expertise.
