Step 1: Potential hazard
The first step in the accident chain begins with a potential hazard that is the catalyst for a series of events. This hazard can vary in nature and can be attributed to technical or human factors. It forms the groundwork for subsequent steps in the chain.
Step 2: Active failure
An active failure takes place when safety controls or processes fail to function as expected or completely break down. This step typically involves errors introduced by individuals or systems, such as poor decision-making, inadequate training, or a malfunction in machinery.
Step 3: Latent condition
Latent conditions refer to underlying vulnerabilities that can contribute to the emergence of an accident chain. They are present long before the accident occurs and manifest as conditions that were not designed for safe operation. Examples include design flaws, maintenance issues, or organizational weaknesses.
Step 4: Unsafe condition
An unsafe condition is a result of active failure and latent conditions coming together to create a hazardous situation. Unsafe conditions directly lead to the final event of the chain.
Step 5: Accident
The final step of the accident chain involves the occurrence of the actual accident or event that results in damage, injury, or loss. It is the culmination of the previously described steps and becomes the triggering point for further investigations, corrective actions, or safety improvements to prevent similar incidents in the future.
