The most catastrophic damage that can occur if an engine runs out of oil is engine seizure. This is when the engine's pistons become so hot that they fuse to the cylinder walls, causing the engine to lock up. This is usually the result of a complete loss of oil, such as when an oil line breaks or the oil pan is damaged.
Low Oil Pressure
If your engine is low on oil, it can cause low oil pressure. This is when the oil pump isn't able to circulate enough oil throughout the engine, which can lead to damage to the engine's bearings and other components.
Oil Starvation
Even if your oil level is full, if the engine doesn't have enough oil pressure, the oil can't reach all of the parts of the engine that need it. This is known as oil starvation, and can lead to engine damage. Oil starvation can be caused by a variety of factors, such as a clogged oil filter or worn out oil pump.
Overheating
Low oil levels or pressure can also cause the engine to overheat. When the oil isn't circulating properly, it can't transfer heat away from the engine's components, which can cause the engine to overheat.
Engine Damage
Running your engine without oil can cause a variety of engine problems, including:
- Bearing failure
- Cylinder scoring
- Piston seizure
- Broken connecting rods
- Failed oil pump
If you suspect that your engine is low on oil, stop driving immediately and check the oil level. If the oil level is low, add oil and then start the engine. If the oil pressure light is still on, or if you hear any unusual noises, turn off the engine and have it towed to a qualified mechanic.
