1. Safety First:
- Park your car on a stable and level surface.
- Engage the parking brake and chock the wheels to prevent the car from rolling.
- Wear safety glasses and appropriate clothing to protect yourself.
2. Identify the Locked Caliper:
- If only one wheel is not rotating while the car is in motion, it's likely that the caliper of that specific wheel is locked.
- Verify by using a lug wrench to try to turn the wheel. If it doesn't move or rotates with difficulty, the caliper is most likely seized.
3. Locate the Caliper:
- Usually, the caliper is mounted over the brake rotor.
4. Gather Tools:
- You'll need a lug wrench, socket wrench set, pliers, brake fluid, a C-clamp, and general automotive tools.
- It's advisable to consult your vehicle's service manual for specific tool requirements.
5. Remove the Wheel:
- Use the lug wrench to loosen and remove the lug nuts that secure the wheel.
- Take off the wheel to access the brake assembly.
6. Release the Brake Pressure:
- Locate the brake fluid reservoir in your engine compartment.
- Slightly loosen the reservoir cap to release excess pressure. (Consult your vehicle manual if needed).
7. Open the Brake Bleeder Valve:
- Find the bleeder valve on the caliper. It's usually located near the top. Be cautious when opening it, as brake fluid may squirt out. Place a waste container underneath to collect any fluid.
- Carefully loosen the bleeder valve with a wrench but do not remove it completely.
8. Release the Pressure Slowly:
- While holding the wrench on the bleeder valve, use a C-clamp to compress the brake caliper piston back into its housing.
- This should relieve some of the pressure and allow the caliper to loosen up.
- Continue compressing the piston while holding the wrench until you feel resistance.
9. Spray Penetrating Lubricant:
- Apply penetrating lubricant (such as WD-40) to the visible parts of the caliper around the piston and sliding pins.
- Let it sit for a few minutes to help loosen any rust or debris.
10. Repeat Compression:
- Gently compress the caliper piston again with the C-clamp.
- As the pressure is released, the caliper may start to loosen up and move more freely.
- Repeat the process until the piston moves smoothly.
11. Clean the Caliper:
- Use a wire brush or cloth to clean the caliper's housing, piston, and other visible surfaces.
- Remove any rust, debris, or dirt to ensure smooth movement of the caliper.
12. Inspect for Damage:
- Check the brake pads and rotors for wear, damage, or contamination.
- Replace them as needed to ensure safe braking.
13. Close the Bleeder Valve:
- Once the caliper is moving freely, close the bleeder valve securely to prevent any further leakage of brake fluid.
14. Reinstall the Wheel:
- Secure the wheel back onto the hub and tighten the lug nuts to the recommended torque specified in your car's manual.
15. Test the Brakes:
- Pump the brake pedal a few times to restore the pressure in the brake system.
- Test drive the car at a low speed to ensure the brakes are functioning properly.
If the caliper is still not functioning correctly after trying the above steps, it may be necessary to replace the caliper itself. Consult a professional mechanic for further diagnosis and repair if you're unsure or encounter difficulties.
