1. The Basics:
* Battery: This is the most common culprit. Check the battery voltage with a multimeter. It should read around 12.6 volts when not charging. If it's low, charge it or replace it. Also, check the battery terminals for corrosion – clean them if necessary.
* Cables: Inspect the battery cables for damage, looseness, or corrosion. Tighten any loose connections.
* Starter: Try tapping the starter (with a wrench or similar tool – be careful!) while someone tries to crank the engine. A weak or failing starter will sometimes respond to this. A clicking sound is a common symptom of a bad starter or low battery.
2. Ignition System:
* Ignition Switch: Does the key turn smoothly? If it's sticky or feels difficult, the ignition switch might be faulty.
* Ignition Coil: A bad ignition coil won't deliver the necessary spark to the spark plugs. This requires more advanced testing with a multimeter or a spark tester.
* Distributor (if equipped): If your Caprice has a distributor, check the cap and rotor for wear, cracks, or corrosion. Replace if necessary. The ignition module inside the distributor can also fail.
* Spark Plugs and Wires: Check the spark plugs for wear and fouling (black, wet, or oily). Inspect the spark plug wires for cracks, damage, or loose connections. Replace as needed.
3. Fuel System:
* Fuel Pump: Can you hear the fuel pump prime when you turn the key to the "on" position (but not cranking)? A weak or failed fuel pump won't deliver fuel to the engine. This usually requires listening carefully near the fuel tank.
* Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter will restrict fuel flow. It's relatively inexpensive and easy to replace.
* Fuel Injectors: Problems with fuel injectors are less common but can prevent the engine from starting. This usually requires a fuel pressure test.
* Fuel Pressure Regulator: This regulates the fuel pressure; a faulty one could cause starting problems.
4. Other Possibilities:
* Security System: If your Caprice has an aftermarket or factory security system, it might be preventing the car from starting.
* Neutral Safety Switch (Automatic Transmission): This switch prevents starting unless the transmission is in Park or Neutral. Make sure the gear selector is correctly positioned.
* Alternator: While the alternator doesn't directly affect starting, a completely dead alternator might prevent the battery from charging enough to start the car after several attempts.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Start with the easiest checks: Battery voltage, cables, and fuel pump prime.
2. Listen for sounds: Clicking from the starter, whirring from the fuel pump, etc. can provide clues.
3. Visual inspection: Check for obvious signs of damage or corrosion.
4. Use a multimeter: Measure battery voltage, check for power at various points in the ignition system.
5. Consult a repair manual: A Haynes or Chilton manual for your specific year and model will provide detailed diagrams and troubleshooting guides.
If you're not comfortable working on your car yourself, it's best to take it to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair. Providing more information about the symptoms (e.g., clicking sound, cranking but not starting, complete no response) would help in narrowing down the possibilities.
